Lobby 中文

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2013年9月由煙草產業遊說者（英语：tobacco lobbyists）提供給荷蘭政治家卡爾梯卡·劉拓爾德（英语：Kartika Liotard）的禮物

The whole lobby was a perfect pandemonium, and the din was terrific. The lobby was filled with partygoers. However, there is still the standard G8 sedan's future up in the air and enthusiasts are lobbying GM to. 420 likes 183 talking about this. Ad maiorem omnium viventium gloriam!

游说集团（英語：Lobbying），又称院外集团或政治游说，是嘗試影響立法人員或立法機構成員的政治決定或行為。遊說由許多不同類型的人員、組織與團體，包括私人機構、企業、部分已經同意遊說目的的立法人員、政府人員或利益團體進行。遊說人員可能是某個選舉區的投票者或已經形成共識的某個團體，也可能是一家公司員工。專業的遊說人員可以代表他們的客戶去影響立法、行政法規、政府決策、行為或政策。個人或非營利組織也可能進行遊說，比如一家公司總裁為了一項計畫與某位代表會談，一個積極份子可能為了某個理念跟立法人員倡議某項法案，政府時常會界定並管制有影響力的遊說團體。

美國[编辑]

Lobby中文verb

美国议会政治中很有代表性的政治现象。很多为利益集团代言、也有不少遊說集團也同時為公眾利益代言，对拥有立法权的参議院、众議院两院的议员进行游说，并从受益集团获取经济利益，这在美国的政治中心城市已经形成了一个产业链。其代表人物是杰克·阿布拉莫夫，有美国游说业“教父”之称。

相關[编辑]

维基文库中相关的原始文献：
Lobby中文verbLobby
  • 戰國策《說難》韓非
  • 《攻敵必救》 2009年美國電影，劇情描述遊說團體之間的競爭

參考文獻[编辑]

  • Joos, Klemens: Lobbying in the new Europe. Successful representation of interests after the Treaty of Lisbon, 244 pages, ISBN 978-3-527-50597-5, Wiley VCH 2011
  • Geiger, Andreas: EU Lobbying handbook, A guide to modern participation in Brussels, 244 pages, ISBN 3-9811316-0-6, Helios Media GmbH, 2006
  • GLOSSARY - Alphabetical list of terms associated with the Lobbying industry
  • The Bulletin, 16 March 2006, p. 14, Lobbying Europe: facts and fiction
  • The European Lawyer, December 2005/January 2006, p. 9, The lobbyists have landed
  • Financial Times, 3 October 2005, p. 8, Brussels braces for a U.S. lobbying invasion
  • Public Affairs News, November 2004, p. 34, Judgement Call
  • The European Lawyer, December 2004/January 2005, p. 26, Lifting the lid on lobbying
  • Pier Luigi Petrillo, Democracies under Pressures. Lobbies and Parliaments in a comparative public law, Giuffrè 2011 (www.giuffre.it)
  • Pietro Semeraro, I delitti di millantato credito e traffico di influenza,ed. Giuffre, Milano,2000.
  • Pietro Semeraro, Trading in Influence and Lobbying in the Spanish Criminal Code, PDF
  • Wiszowaty, Marcin: Legal Regulation of Lobbying in New Members States of the European Union, Arbeitspapiere und Materialien - Forschungsstelle Osteuropa an der Universitat Bremen, No. 74: Heiko Pleines (ed.): Participation of Civil Society in New Modes of Governance. The Case of the New Member States. Part 2: Questions of Accountability. February 2006 (PDF)
  • Heiko Kretschmer/ Hans-Jörg Schmedes: Enhancing Transparency in EU Lobbying? How the European Commission's Lack of Courage and Determination Impedes Substantial Progress, Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft 1/ 2010, S. 112-122
  • Lobbying. BBC News: Politics (London: BBC). 22 December 2005 [2007-01-30].
  • Police loans inquiry is widenened. BBC News: Politics (London: BBC). 30 March 2006 [2007-01-30].

延伸阅读[编辑]

[在维基数据编辑]

《欽定古今圖書集成·理學彙編·學行典·游說部》，出自《古今圖書集成》

Lobby 中文意思

外部連接[编辑]

查询維基詞典中的Lobby。
  • Lobbying (Politics)在《大英百科全书》在线版的页面 （英文）

美國[编辑]

维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：游说集团
  • Lobbyists.info - The largest, comprehensive database of 22,000 registered lobbyists. Contains searchable profiles of lobbyists and government relations professionals, their clients and issues.
  • Top 25 Lobbying Groups. [2017-02-09]. （原始内容存档于2002-12-03）. - Fortune listed the top 25 lobbying groups in 1999.
  • LobbyWatch - a project of the Center for Public Integrity with reports on lobbyists and lobbying efforts as well as a searchable database.
  • NoLobby.com - Capitalism Magazine mini-site. Opposes lobbying restrictions on free speech grounds.
  • The Citizen's Guide to the U.S. Government - an online tutorial containing information for individuals who wish to address issues with their elected officials.
  • Free Speech National Right to Life page containing documents opposing excessive regulation of 'lobbying' as infringement on 'right to petition' guaranteed by the First Amendment.
  • First Street Research Group powered by https://web.archive.org/web/20120115155817/http://firststreet.cqpress.com/ - reports and analysis on the lobbying industry
Lobby 中文Lobby

Lobby 中文

歐洲[编辑]

  • The Lobby Ticker - website of independent Austrian MEP Hans-Peter Martin with original lobbyist invitations and voting recommendations he received
  • euroXpress www.euroxpress.es
  • Alliance for Lobbying Transparency - UK based campaign
  • OECD: Special Session on Lobbying: Enhancing Transparency and Accountability 7–8 June 2007
  • AAT: 300077524
  • GND: 4036097-0
  • NARA: 10638994
  • NDL: 00569588
取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=游说集团&oldid=64651195”

英漢例句

Lobby 中文

  • They also lobby for government aid and band together to fight private oligopolies that sell seed and buy corn.

    他們還游說政府提供援助，且正結合力量，對抗販售種籽與收購玉米的民間寡頭。

  • But New Jersey Senator Frank Lautenberg had earlier pushed for harsh punishment, threatening to lobby for severe federal criminal charges instead of a misdemeanor.

    但新澤西州議員FrankLautenberg此前呼吁對蔣海松從嚴懲罰，并一再重申將游說控方起訴他犯下聯邦刑事重罪，而不是輕微過失。

  • You might lobby for a half day per week to study and play with new technologies.

    您可以每周騰出半天來學習和應對新技術。

  • Too often bosses, like generals, dislike being away from the heat of battle, and use their past heroic status to undermine their successors and lobby for their own return.

    很多老板就像將軍一樣，不愿意離開戰斗的激情，而且他們經常利用其英雄地位不知不覺地損害繼任者，并為他們的返回找說辭。

  • He hopes that they can be turned into an influential lobby for reform.

    他希望這些人能夠轉化成有力的改革游說成員。

  • Just click on the help button in the casino lobby for a complete set of instructions and explanations on all casino games.

    請點擊在賭場大廳的協助按鈕，有很完整的指示和解釋所有賭場的游戲。

  • Second, the signatories「 want their countries to lobby for Europe to have a more responsible and active relationship with America.

    其次，聯名者希望他們各自的國家能為歐洲游說，使歐洲同美國的關系更活躍可靠。

  • Mr Osborne plans to consult during the summer before the tax is set in stone, giving banks plenty of time to lobby for changes.

    奧斯本計劃在夏季，稅收政策穩固之前進行磋商。這給銀行更多的時間來對這個政策進行游說。

  • If you don」t use custom lobbies explicitly, PUN will use a single lobby for all rooms.

    如果你不使用自定義顯式地游說，PUN將為所有房間使用一個大廳。

  • Early last year, Merck announced that it would no longer actively lobby for state mandates.

    去年年初，默克宣布它將不再積極游說各州批準行政命令。

  • The Club for Growth, a lobby for economic conservatives, assails him for hiking sales and petrol taxes in Arkansas, and for his attacks on industries he accused of 「price-gouging」.

    增長俱樂部，一個經濟保守派的游說團體，攻擊說他提高了Arkansas州的銷售和汽油稅，而且說他指控企業犯有「價格欺詐」。

  • HSBC continues to lobby for a listing of its shares in Shanghai.

    匯豐繼續游說將其股票在上交所掛牌上市。

  • Moreover, foreign Banks accustomed to sound regulation, prudent oversight and honest accounting in their home countries may lobby for the same things abroad.

    此外，外資銀行在本國就慣於健全規章，審慎監督以及誠實會計，而這些他們也會帶到國外。

  • the American in Peoria knows who to lobby for change while the American in Paris does not.

    皮奧里亞的美國人知道游說的對象是誰，而巴黎的美國人就不具備這個條件。

  • The furthest off-piste they go is Anne Krueger「s 1974 article on rent-seeking, explaining why people may lobby for governments to distort the economy.

    離題最遠的一篇論文是安妮·克魯格1974年關於尋租的文章。在這篇文章解釋了為何人們會游說政府去干扭曲經濟的事。

  • 「You can lobby for better projects and ask for assignments that will showcase your skills and heighten your credibility,」 Wendleton notes — but don」t be surprised if you don「t get them.

    溫德·爾頓強調：「可以游說老板給你更好的項目，要求做那些能更好展現技術和提高聲望的工作任務。」但如果不能如愿以償，也不要大驚小怪。

  • However, Keidanren, the lobby for big business, opposes deregulation on the ground that TEPCO and its ilk ensure a stable supply of electricity.

    然而，大企業游說團體(Keidanren)卻反對放寬管制，他們的理由是東電及其同行能夠確保供電穩定。

  • It seemed to take a big hit exactly a week ago when he jetted across the Atlantic to lobby for Chicago to get the 2016 Olympics — and was rejected with a last-place finish.

    上周，他專程飛越大西洋，去丹麥游說國際奧委會，以助芝加哥一臂之力，贏得2016年奧運會主辦權，這似乎本該令這個城市成為獲勝熱門的，結果卻事與愿違，芝加哥以倒數第一的成績敗北。

  • And the billionaire himself seizes every opportunity to lobby for the end of the traditional Western toilet.

    而那位億萬富翁本人則在抓住每一個機會游說人們終結掉傳統的西式廁所。

  • Conservative speakers came to lobby for what election-wonks call a 「sandwich」 : a pair of constituencies made up of urban, suburban and rural slices.

    保守黨演講者四處游說，將這些選舉狂人所表述的稱為「三明治」：由城市、郊區和鄉下組成的一組選區。

  • NGOs now lobby for convicts」 rights, and lawyers argue that the issue is not between death-row convicts and the rest of the citizenry but of overweening state power over all.

    非政府組織如今為犯人的權利保障而四處游說，律師認為這不是死囚罪犯與其他公民之間的問題，而是過度的國家職權將凌駕於國民之上的問題。

  • From France to Greece to Hungary he is cultivating parties on Europe's far right and left: anyone who might lobby for Russian interests in the EU, or even help to prise the union apart (see article).

    從法國到希臘再到匈牙利，他在歐洲的極左極右勢力中扶持政黨：誰都可以在歐盟為俄羅斯利益游說，甚至對歐盟散伙的行為給予獎勵。

  • He dropped me at a hotel and we waited in the lobby for three quarters of an hour.

    他把我載到了酒店，我們在大堂等了有四十五分鐘。

  • In July, I went to work in Washington for Project Pursestrings, a citizens lobby for the McGovern-Hatfield amendment, which called for a cutoff of funding for the Vietnam War by the end of 1971.

    7月，我去了華盛頓工作，投身於「緊縮開支計劃」。「緊縮開支計劃」是一個由國家公民組成的支持麥戈文·哈特菲爾德修正案(由參議員麥戈文和哈特菲爾德提出的一個修正案)的游說團，號召到1971年底為止，切斷對越南戰爭的資金投入。

  • Andy Rubin, director of mobile platforms at Google, says managing the software-development effort while giving its partners the opportunity to lobby for new features takes time.

    谷歌無線平臺部門的主管安迪?魯賓(AndyRubin)表示，統籌軟件開發工作，讓合作伙伴完成宣傳其手機新功能的工作，這都需要時間。

  • Deborah Doane of the world Development Movement, a lobby for 「fairer world trade」, points out that donor money only buys half as much food as it did a decade ago.

    四處呼吁「世界貿易公平化」的「世界發展運動」組織的黛博拉-多恩指出，相同的捐款金額現在只能買到過去一半多的食物。